Hypogonadism is defined as the inability to produce or maintain testosterone levels. The male gonads (testes) are the primary source of production of testosterone. Testosterone is produced in the Leydig cells in the testes under the influence of Luteinizing Hormone (LH). Testosterone gradually decline with age, typically after 40 years. The rate of decline is…
Androgen deprivation can cause a symptomatic state, which can be easily reversed with carefully supervised TRT. However, one of the controversies has been whether symptoms are indeed related to hypogonadal states. Clinical depression, pathological states such as anemia, hypothyroidism as well as psychological states can easily confound the diagnosis. The current screening tools including the…
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is now recognized as diagnosis, representing a state of cognitive decline associated with negligible functional loss. MCI is important as it often precedes Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recognizing MCI may lead to preventive strategies that can delay the onset of AD. Many patients who transition into andropause report problems with their memory….
